英语学习笔记 | 高考阅读 01
这篇短文讲述的是百年之前的几个杰出女性的传奇故事。
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.
Marie Curie指鼎鼎大名的居里夫人;Rachel Carson是美国著名的的环保主义先驱。
heard是hear“听见”的过去式和过去分词;hear of表示“听说”;还可以表示出于善意的“拒绝;不允许”:Jack wants to be an actor, but his mother won't hear of it.杰克想当演员,但他妈妈不同意。He wouldn't hear of my walking home alone.他不让我独自一人走回家。
再复习一个有关hear的短语hear from“收到某人的信或电话”:I'm very glad to hear from you.很高兴收到你的来信/接到你的电话。
may not have heard of:情态动词后接现在完成时,表示对过去发生事情的推测“或许没听说过”。如果用might表示比may更弱的语气,并不表示过去的时态。
Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
这句稍长,但只要明白句子变长只是修饰成分增加,抓住主干,准确识别不同形式的修饰成分即可;listed below作后置定语修饰ladies,Of the outstanding ladies listed below和of the past 100 years两个介词短语都是修饰成分,在句中作状语。
outstanding /'aʊt'stændɪŋ/ 杰出的
Jane Addams (1860-1935)美国女社会改良家及和平主义者,致力于改善社会状况,争取妇女、黑人权利,在1931年获得诺贝尔和平奖。
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.
social worker社会工作者;剔除who引导的定语从句,句子主干很简单:Anyone has Jane Addams to thank. have sb to thank “要向某人表示感谢”:I have her to thank for helping with my English.
Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.
定冠词the接形容词表示某一类人,the poor指“穷人”,又比如the rich指“有钱人”;the weak指“弱者”等等。
She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.
sense 在这里表示“意识或者观念”;community /kə'mjʊnəti/ “社区;族群”;community background 社会背景;shelter “庇护;庇护所”;promote “推动;促进”;in need“处于困境”。
补充promote的一个常用意思“推广;推销”(If a firm promote a product, it tries to increase the sales or popularity of that product.):He was in town to promote his new books.他在城里推销他的新书。
In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.动词不定式短语to win the Nobel Peace Prize作woman的后置定语,“获得诺贝尔和平奖的”。
Rachel Carson (1907-1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.
environmental movement“环保运动”。If it weren't for ..., 表示对现在事情的虚拟(要不是...,...就...);exist /ɪg'zɪst/ 存在。
Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
这一句依然是多个介词短语作后置定语让句子变得复杂。raise /reɪz/ 提高;awareness /ə'wɛənis/ 意识;chemical /'kemɪk(ə)l/ 化学制品。effect /ɪ'fekt/影响(The effect of one thing on another is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing.)
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-present)When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.
Stanford Law School 斯坦福法学院;law firm 律师事务所
She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court.
Arizona /ˌæri'zəunə/ 美国亚利桑那州;senator /'senətə/ 参议员;supreme /suː'priːm/ 最高的;court /kɔːt/ 法院
O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
deciding /dɪˈsaɪdɪŋ/ 决定性的;vote /vəʊt/ 投票;case /keɪs/ 案例;the top court 最高法院
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.
give up 我们熟悉的意思是放弃(stop doing sth),在这里是把...让给某人(give up sth to sb.);white在此并非指颜色,而是“白种人(的)”。
Her simple act landed Parks in prison.
land 使...陷入(困境):land sb in prison使某人入狱;be landed in court被送上法庭;land sb in trouble使某人陷入麻烦
But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott.
set off 有“出发;动身”的意思,此处指“引发;激起”(to start a process or series of events);boycott /'bɒɪkɒt/ 抵制;Montgmery bus boycott蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动。
It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.
kick 是踢的意思;kick off 可以指(足球比赛等)开始,开球;此处指巴士抵制运动使民权运动civil-rights movement开始。
“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.give in 指屈服;让步,就是to do sth that you don't want to do;be tired of 指厌倦,厌烦,相当于have enough of sb/sth。
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